An ecosystem is a group of numerous populations of animal and plant species that share resources in the same area.

In this area of life, we can distinguish the living beings (vegetation, animals) which constitute the biocoenosis and the geological environment (nature of the soils, climat, water), which constitute the biotope. The association of the biocoenosis and the biotope constitutes an ecosystem. There are many natural habitats here (forest, river, pond, desert, marsh). Life maintains itself due to the interactions that develop between the elements of an ecosystem (exchanges of energy, trophic relationships).